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Wherever there is a belief in the continued existence of human personality through and after death, religion naturally concerns itself with the relations between the living and the dead. And where the idea of a future judgment or a Resurrection of the Dead or of Purgatory obtains, prayers are often offered on behalf of the dead to God. == Judaism == (詳細はJewish services. The prayers offered on behalf of the deceased consist of: Recitation of Psalms; Reciting a thrice daily communal prayer in Aramaic which is known as ''Kaddish''. ''Kaddish'' actually means "Sanctification" (or "Prayer of Making Holy") which is a prayer "In Praise of God"; or other special remembrances known as ''Yizkor''; and also a ''Hazkara'' which is said either on the annual commemoration known as the ''Yahrzeit'' as well on Jewish holidays. The form in use in England contains the following passage: "Have mercy upon him; pardon all his transgressions . . . Shelter his soul in the shadow of Thy wings. Make known to him the path of life." ''El Maleh Rachamim'' is the actual Jewish prayer for the dead, although less well known than the Mourner's Kaddish. While the Kaddish does not mention death but rather affirms the steadfast faith of the mourners in God's goodness, ''El Maleh Rachamim'' is a prayer for the rest of the departed. There are various translations for the original Hebrew which vary significantly. One version reads: A record of Jewish prayer and offering of sacrifice for the dead at the time of the Maccabees is seen being referred to in 2 Maccabees, a book written in Greek, which, though not accepted as part of the Jewish Bible, is regarded as canonical by Eastern Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church: French historian Jacques Le Goff concluded, "at the time of Judas Maccabeus-around 170 B.C., a surprisingly innovative period- prayer for the dead was not practiced, but that a century later it was practiced by certain Jews.” This extract does not explain on what grounds Le Goff argued that prayer for the dead was not in use in the first half of the 2nd century BC. The account of the action of Judas Maccabaeus was written midway through the second half of the same century, in about 124 B.C.,〔Harris, Stephen L., ''Understanding the Bible''. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.〕 and in the view of Philip Schaff its mention of prayer for the dead "seems to imply habit".〔(Philip Schaff, ''History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100-325'', "§156. Between Death and Resurrection." )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prayer for the dead」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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